Soru 1: **Passage 1 — Climate Change Governance**

The governance of climate change has

Question

**Passage 1 — Climate Change Governance**

The governance of climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century, demanding unprecedented coordination among states, corporations, and civil society. The 2015 Paris Agreement marked a watershed moment by establishing a legally binding framework wherein nations submit their own Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), ostensibly tailored to their economic capacities and historical emissions. Yet a meticulous review of the post-Paris decade reveals a sobering reality: current commitments would result in approximately 2.5-3°C warming by 2100, well above the agreement's 1.5°C aspirational target. This shortfall is exacerbated by the fact that climate finance commitments from wealthy nations, ostensibly meant to support adaptation in developing countries, have consistently fallen short of the promised $100 billion annual threshold. Notwithstanding these challenges, recent developments at COP28 in Dubai offered cautious optimism, particularly through the historic agreement on "transitioning away from fossil fuels," albeit without binding timelines. The question that haunts climate governance is whether nations can transcend short-term economic interests to forge the kind of coordinated action that climate science indisputably demands.

**Question 1**: According to the passage, what does the author imply about the Paris Agreement's NDC framework?

Accepted Answer

While the NDC framework was designed to accommodate national circumstances, its implementation has proven inadequate to achieve the 1.5°C target. — Bu çıkarım metnin omurgasını yansıtır: NDC esnek tasarım + ülke kapasitesi/tarihsel emisyon temelli + ancak gerçek performans 2.5-3°C'ye doğru ilerliyor — bu hedef ile gerçeklik arasındaki uçurum. "Ostensibly tailored" ifadesi (görünüşte) yazarın eleştirel mesafesini gösterir; "sobering reality" + "shortfall" + "consistently fallen short" eleştirel ton.

Answer

NDC framework has successfully achieved the 1.5°C target. (Yanlış — metin tam tersini söylüyor)

Answer

The Paris Agreement is not legally binding. (Yanlış — metin "legally binding framework" diyor)

Answer

Only developing nations submit NDCs. (Yanlış — metin "nations submit" diyor)

Answer

NDCs are no longer required. (Yanlış — metin bunu söylemiyor)

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